Understanding std::optional in C++

`std::optional` represents an optional value. It indicates whether a value is present or not. This helps avoid null pointer exceptions. Here’s a simple example:

```cpp
#include 
#include
using namespace std;
optional getValue(bool provide) {
    if (provide) return 42;
    return nullopt;
}
int main() {
    auto val = getValue(true);
    if (val) cout << *val << endl; // Outputs 42 
return 0; 
} ```

In this code, `std::optional` safely handles potential absence of values. It makes code cleaner and more reliable.