Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is becoming a standard practice in DevOps. Here are 15 common interview questions and detailed answers:
1. What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)? IaC automates infrastructure provisioning using code, ensuring consistency and repeatability.
2. What are the benefits of IaC? Benefits include scalability, faster deployments, and reduced manual errors.
3. Name popular IaC tools. Popular tools include Terraform, Ansible, CloudFormation, and Chef.
4. How does Terraform work? Terraform uses declarative language to define infrastructure and automates the provisioning process.
# Example Terraform configuration
provider "aws" {{
region = "us-west-2"
}}
resource "aws_instance" "example" {{
ami = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
}}
5. How does IaC ensure consistency in infrastructure deployments? By using code, the same environment is replicated without manual configurations, ensuring consistency.
6. What is state in IaC? The state represents the current infrastructure setup. In Terraform, this is stored in a state file.
7. What are the best practices for using IaC? Best practices include version control, modular design, and using automation pipelines.
8. How do you manage secrets in IaC? Secrets are managed through tools like AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault, or encrypted environment variables.
9. What is the difference between declarative and imperative IaC? Declarative defines the “what” (desired state), and imperative defines the “how” (step-by-step).
10. How does IaC integrate with CI/CD pipelines? IaC automates the infrastructure setup in CI/CD, ensuring environments are consistent across stages.
11. How do you handle infrastructure drift? Drift is managed by continuous monitoring and reapplying the IaC configuration to ensure alignment.
12. What is the purpose of remote state in Terraform? Remote state allows sharing the state file between team members to avoid conflicts.
13. How do you scale infrastructure using IaC? IaC enables auto-scaling through dynamic resource provisioning based on traffic or resource usage.
14. How does IaC support multi-cloud strategies? Tools like Terraform support multi-cloud environments, allowing you to define resources across different providers.
15. What are some common challenges in implementing IaC? Challenges include managing complexity, ensuring security, and integrating with legacy systems.
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