In full-stack development, both NoSQL and SQL databases are used for data storage, but they differ significantly in structure, scalability, and use cases.
SQL databases like MySQL and PostgreSQL are relational databases that use structured query language (SQL) for defining and manipulating data. Data is stored in
tables with rows and columns, and relationships between tables are established through foreign keys.
NoSQL databases like MongoDB store data in a flexible, JSON-like format. They don’t require a fixed schema, making them more suitable for handling unstructured data
and scaling horizontally.
Key differences between NoSQL and SQL databases:
1. Schema: SQL databases have a fixed schema, whereas NoSQL databases offer flexible schemas.
2. Scaling: SQL databases scale vertically, while NoSQL databases scale horizontally.
3. Transactions: SQL supports ACID transactions, whereas NoSQL databases, like MongoDB, support BASE (Basically Available, Soft state, Eventually consistent).
Example of using MongoDB in a MERN stack:
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017/mern_example', { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true });
const UserSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
name: String,
email: String,
});
const User = mongoose.model('User', UserSchema);
// Example CRUD operations
const newUser = new User({ name: 'John Doe', email: 'john@example.com' });
newUser.save().then(user => console.log('User saved:', user));
User.find({}).then(users => console.log('All users:', users));
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