Lambdas simplify the code by allowing concise representations of functional interfaces.
Lambdas are written as `(parameters) -> {expression or statement}` in Java.
List numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);
numbers.forEach(n -> System.out.println(n));
This example shows how to use a lambda for efficient iteration.
The volatile keyword in Java ensures visibility of changes across threads.
Volatile ensures that updates to a variable are visible to all threads immediately.
volatile boolean isRunning = true;
Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
while (isRunning) {
// perform task
}
});
thread.start();
isRunning = false; // Stops the thread
This example shows how volatile controls visibility of variables between threads.
Java Streams simplify data processing by allowing you to operate on collections in a functional style.
Streams provide an easy way to apply transformations, filters, and collectors to data sets.
Using Streams, you can filter, map, and collect data in one continuous flow.
List names = List.of("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie");
List result = names.stream()
.filter(name -> name.startsWith("A"))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
This code filters names that start with the letter “A”.
The Java Memory Model defines how threads interact through memory, ensuring consistency.
Java’s memory model ensures that changes made by one thread are visible to others in a predictable way.
The model defines how synchronization and the volatile keyword affect the visibility of variables across threads.
volatile boolean running = true;
Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
while (running) {
// Do some work
}
});
t.start();
running = false; // Ensures visibility due to volatile
This code shows how volatile ensures variable visibility across threads.
Scoped values in Java allow more precise control over shared state.
Scoped values help isolate state within concurrent tasks to avoid conflicts.
Scoped values are designed to improve thread safety in concurrent applications.
ScopedValue.set(someKey, someValue);
This example sets a scoped value to manage shared state within a thread.
Project Loom simplifies Java concurrency by introducing lightweight, scalable threads.
Project Loom enables virtual threads, which are more efficient than traditional ones.
With Loom, Java applications can handle a larger number of concurrent tasks.
Thread.startVirtualThread(() -> System.out.println("Virtual thread running in Project Loom"));
This code demonstrates how to create a virtual thread in Project Loom.
The Optional class in Java helps avoid null pointer exceptions elegantly.
Optional allows you to represent the absence of a value without using null.
Use Optional in situations where a value may or may not be present.
Optional name = Optional.ofNullable(getName());
name.ifPresent(System.out::println);
This code shows how to handle nullable values with Optional.
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